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Saint Martin, or where the word “chapel” comes from
Le Greco · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons

Saint Martin, or where the word “chapel” comes from

14 min read

c. 316 or 336 - 8 November 397; continuous cult since the 5th century

From Amiens, where a horseman cuts his cloak in two, to Candes, where the bishop dies on ashes, then from Tours to Chablis and Auxerre, where his body flees the Normans: ten places follow a life and the fortunes of a tomb. The half-cloak, which became the cape of the Frankish kings, has left in the language a word that everyone uses without knowing it: chapel.

A soldier at the gate of Amiens

Martin was born at Sabaria, in Pannonia — today Szombathely, in Hungary —, the son of a military tribune, and grew up in Pavia. Sulpicius Severus, who wrote his life while he was still alive, gives no date; it is Gregory of Tours, two centuries later, who has him die “in the eighty-first year of his age”, which places his birth around 316, while other calculations, based on the same Sulpicius, move it as late as 336. At ten, he had himself enrolled among the catechumens against his parents' wishes; at fifteen, his father had him forcibly enlisted, as a veteran's son, in the cavalry of the guard.

Fresco: Martin on horseback cuts his cloak for a poor man, in front of a city gate
Martin shares his cloak at the city gate: fresco by Simone Martini in the chapel of Saint Martin in the lower basilica at Assisi, in the 14th century.Simone Martini · public domain · Wikimedia Commons

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